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Pretoria ( Afrikaans pronunciation: prɛˈtʊəria ; Zulu: ePitoli ), is one of South Africa’s three capital cities, serving as the seat of the executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa. (Cape Town is the legislative capital and Bloemfontein the judicial capital.) Pretoria straddles the Apies River and extends eastward into the foothills of the Magaliesberg mountains. It has a reputation as an academic city and center of research, being home to the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), the University of Pretoria (UP), Sefako Makgatho Health Science University (SMU), the University of South Africa (UNISA), the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), and the Human Sciences Research Council. It also hosts the National Research Foundation and the South African Bureau of Standards. Pretoria was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Pretoria is the eighth richest city in Africa and the fourth richest in South Africa. ...

Pretoria was founded in 1855 by Marthinus Pretorius, a leader of the Voortrekkers, who named it after his father Andries Pretorius and chose a spot on the banks of the Apies rivier (Afrikaans for "Monkeys river") to be the new capital of the South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek ; ZAR). The elder Pretorius had become a national hero of the Voortrekkers after his victory over Dingane and the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River in 1838. The elder Pretorius also negotiated the Sand River Convention (1852), in which the United Kingdom acknowledged the independence of the Transvaal. It became the capital of the South African Republic on 1 May 1860. The founding of Pretoria as the capital of the South African Republic can be seen as marking the end of the Boers' settlement movements of the Great Trek. Boer Wars edit During the First Boer War, the city was besieged by Republican forces in December 1880 and March 1881. The peace treaty which ended the war was...

Pretoria is situated approximately 55 km (34 mi) north-northeast of Johannesburg in the northeast of South Africa, in a transitional belt between the plateau of the Highveld to the south and the lower-lying Bushveld to the north. It lies at an altitude of about 1,339 m (4,393 ft) above sea level, in a warm, sheltered, fertile valley, surrounded by the hills of the Magaliesberg range. Climate edit Pretoria has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) with long hot rainy summers, and short, mild winters. The city experiences the typical winters of South Africa with cold, clear nights and mild to moderately warm days. Although the average lows during winter are mild, it can get cold due to the clear skies, with nighttime low temperatures in recent years in the range of 2 to −5 °C (36 to 23 °F). The average annual temperature is 18.7 °C (65.7 °F). This is rather high, considering the city's relatively high altitude of about 1,339 metres (4,393 feet), and is due mainly to its sheltered...

Depending on the extent of the area understood to constitute "Pretoria", the population ranges from 700,000 to 2.95 million. The main languages spoken in Pretoria are Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, Xitsonga, Afrikaans and English. The city of Pretoria has the largest white population in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since its founding, it has been a major Afrikaner population centre, and there are roughly 1 million Afrikaners living in or around the city. Ethnic groups edit Even since the end of Apartheid, Pretoria itself has had a white majority, albeit with an ever-increasing black middle-class. However, in the townships of Soshanguve and Atteridgeville black people make up close to all of the population. The largest white ethnic group are the Afrikaners and the largest black ethnic group are the Northern Sothos. The lower estimate for the population of Pretoria includes largely former white-designated areas, and there is therefore a white majority. However, including the geographically ...

Pretoria is known as the "Jacaranda City" due to the approximately 50,000 Jacarandas that line its streets. Purple is a colour often associated with the city and is often included on local council logos and services such as the A Re Yeng rapid bus system and the logo of the local Jacaranda FM radio station. Architecture edit Media related to Buildings in Pretoria at Wikimedia Commons Pretoria has over the years had very diverse cultural influences and this is reflected in the architectural styles that can be found in the city. It ranges from 19th century Dutch, German and British colonial architecture to modern, postmodern, neomodern, and art deco architecture styles with a good mix of a uniquely South African style. Some of the notable structures in Pretoria include the late 19th century Palace of Justice, the early 20th century Union Buildings, the post-war Voortrekker Monument, the diverse buildings dotting the main campuses of both the University of Pretoria and the Uni...

Railway edit Commuter rail services around Pretoria are operated by Metrorail. The routes, originating from the city centre, extend south to Germiston and Johannesburg, west to Atteridgeville, northwest to Ga-Rankuwa, north to Soshanguve and east to Mamelodi. Via the Pretoria–Maputo railway it is possible to access the port of Maputo, in the east. The Gautrain high-speed railway line runs from the eastern suburb of Hatfield to Pretoria Station and then southwards to Centurion, Midrand, Marlboro, Sandton, OR Tambo International Airport, Rosebank and Johannesburg. Pretoria Station is a departure point for the Blue Train luxury train. Rovos Rail, a luxury mainline train safari service operates from the colonial-style railway station at Capital Park. The South African Friends of the Rail have recently moved their vintage train trip operations from the Capital Park station to the Hercules station. Buses edit Various bus companies exist in Pretoria, of which PUTCO is one of the oldest and mo...

Media edit Since Pretoria forms part the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, most radio, television and paper media is the same as the rest of the metro area. Radio edit There are many radio stations in the greater Pretoria region, some of note are: Impact Radio, is a Christian Community Radio Station based in Pretoria, and broadcasting on 103FM in the Greater Tshwane Area. Jacaranda FM, previously known as Jacaranda 94.2, is a commercial South African radio station, broadcasting in English and Afrikaans, with a footprint that covers Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and the North West Province and boasts a listening audience of 2 million people a week, and a digital community of more than 1,1 million people a month. The station's format is mainstream adult contemporary with programming constructed around a playlist of hit music from the 1980s, 1990s and now. Tuks FM is the radio station of the University of Pretoria and one of South Africa's community broadcasters. It was one of the...

Primary education edit Arcadia Primary School Brooklyn Primary School Capital Park Primary School Crawford College Eduplex Primary School Glenstantia Primary School Hamilton Primary School La Montagne Primary School Laerskool Anton van Wouw Laerskool Boerefort Laerskool Constantiapark Laerskool Danie Malan Laerskool Elarduspark Laerskool Garsfontein Laerskool Lynnwood Laerskool Magalieskruin Laerskool Menlopark Laerskool Meyerspark Laerskool Monumentpark Laerskool Queenswood Laerskool Pretoria-Oos Laerskool Skuilkrans Laerskool Tygerpoort Laerskool Wonderboom Laerskool Wonderboom-Suid Lynnwood Ridge Primary School Maragon Olympus Nantes Primary School Northridge Primary School Prestige College Pretoria Preparatory School Rietondale Primary School Robert Ricks Primary School St. Mary's Diocesan School for Girls St. Paulus Primary School Stratford Preparatory School Sunnyside Primary School Tyger Valley College Waterkloof House Preparatory School...

Pretoria has earned a reputation as being the centre of South Africa's Military and is home to several military facilities of the South African National Defence Force: Military headquarters edit Transito Air Force Headquarters edit This complex is the headquarters to the South African Air Force. The Dequar Road Complex edit A military complex that houses the following: South African Army's Headquarters South African Infantry Formation HQ A General Support Base Support Formation HQ Training Formation HQ The 102 Field Workshop unit The 17 Maintenance Unit The S.A.M.S Military Health Department. The Sebokeng Complex edit A military complex located on the corner of Patriot Street and Koraalboom Road that houses the following military headquarters: South African Army Armour Formation HQ South African Army Artillery Formation HQ South African Army Intelligence Corps HQ South African Army Air Defence Artillery Formation HQ Military bases edit The Dequar Road Base edit This b...

On 26 May 2005 the South African Geographical Names Council (SAGNC), which is linked to the Directorate of Heritage in the Department of Arts and Culture, approved changing the name of Pretoria to Tshwane, which is already the name of the Metropolitan Municipality in which Pretoria, and a number of surrounding cities are located. Although the name change was approved by the SAGNC, it has not yet been approved by the Minister of Arts and Culture. The matter is under consideration while he has requested further research on the matter. Should the Minister approve the name change, the name will be published in the Government Gazette, giving the public opportunity to comment on the matter. The Minister can then refer that public response back to the SAGNC, before presenting his recommendation before parliament, who will vote on the change. Various public interest groups have warned that the name change will be challenged in court, should the minister approve the renaming. The long process i...

Twin towns – sister cities edit Pretoria is twinned with:

This section is in list format, but may read better as prose . You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. ( December 2016 ) Pretoria National Botanical Garden, a botanical garden containing a massive collection of native flora. The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, the premier zoological gardens of South Africa. Church Square, the historical governmental centre of the South African Republic. Union Buildings, the executive branch of the South African government. Mahlamba Ndlopfu, the official residence of the President of South Africa. Marabastad, a historical shopping district for non-whites during Apartheid. Menlyn Park, shopping area Voortrekker Monument, a historical complex dedicated to the Great Trek. Hatfield Square, the main student relaxation district. Pretoria railway station, a historical landmark and departure point for metrorail and Gautrain trains. Freedom Park, a historical complex dedicated to the end of Apa...